THALLIUM - TlProperties of Thallium: Silver-white metal, plastic, very soft, fusible. On air becomes covered by an oxidic film. In a compact form doesn't react with water, hydrochloric acid, alkalis, hydrate of ammonia. Is oxidized by sulfuric and nitric acids, hydrogen peroxide, and chlorine.
Methods for preparation of Thallium: Tl2O(solid) = Tl2O(gas) &harr Tl + O2 (over 1300°C). Tl2O + H2 = 2Tl + H2O (over 500°C). Tl2O + CO = 2Tl + CO2 (250-325°C). 2Tl2SO4 + 2H2O → Electrolysis → 4Tl↓(on cathode) + O2↑(on anode) + 2H2SO4. 2TlCl + H2 = 2Tl + 2HCl (650-750°C). Сhemical reactions with Thallium: 2Tl + H2SO4(diluted, cold) = Tl2SO4 + H2↑. 3Tl + 4HNO3(diluted, hot) = 3TlNO3 + NO↑ + 2H2O. Tl + 6HNO3(conc., hot) = Tl(NO3)3 + 3NO2↑ + 3H2O. 4Tl + 2O2 = Tl2O + Tl2O3 (400°C, burning on air). 4Tl + 2H2O = + O2 = 4TlOH (50-70°C). 2Tl + 3H2O2(conc.) = Tl2O3↓ + 3H2O. 2Tl + Cl2 = 2TlCl (normal temp.). 2Tl + 2HCl(conc.) + 3Cl2 = 2H[TlCl4]. 2Tl + S = Tl2S (320°C, in the atm. of hydrogen). 2Tl + 3S = Tl2S3 (200-250°C). |
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Absolutely pure gold is so soft that it can be moulded with the hands.