POTASSIUM NITRATE KNO3Properties potassium nitrate KNO3: Potash (Indian) nitrate. White. Melts without decomposition, on further heating decomposes. Stable in air. Readily soluble in water with high endo-effect (without hydrolysis). Does not form сrystalline hydrates. Strong oxidizing agent at sintering. In solution recovered only by atomic hydrogen.
Obtaining potassium nitrate KNO3: 2KO2 + 2NO2 = 2KNO3 + O2 (70°C). KOH + HСl (diluted) = KСl + H2O, KOH + HNO3 (diluted) = KNO3 + H2O. 2KOH (cold) + NO + NO2 = 2KNO2 + H2O, 4KOH(hot) + 4NO2 + O2 = 4 KNO3 + 2H2O. 2KNO2 (diluted, hot) + O2 → time → 2KNO3. KNO2 + H2O2 = KNO3 + H2O (in the diluted H2SO4), KNO2 + H2O +Br2 = KNO3 + 2HBr. Chemical reactions with potassium nitrate KNO3: 2KNO3 = 2 KNO2 + O2 (400-520°C). KNO3 (diluted) + 6H2O = [K(H2O)6]+ + NO3- (pH = 7). KNO3 (saturated) + (1-2)HNO3 (conc.) = KNO3·(1-2)HNO3↓ (normal temp.). KNO3 + 2H0(Zn, diluted HCl) = KNO2 + H2O, KNO3 + 8H0(Al, conc. KOH) = NH3↑ + 2H2O + KOH (normal temp.). 2KNO3 + (NH4)2SO4 = K2SO4 + 2N2O + 4H2O (230-300°C). KNO3 + H2SO4(conc.) = HNO3↑ + KHSO4 (vacuum). 2KNO3 + 3C(graphite) + S = N2 + 3CO2 + K2S (combustion of gunpowder). 6KNO3 + 10 Al = 6 KAlO2 + 2Al2O3 + 3 N2 (400°C). KNO3 + Pb = KNO2 + PbO (350-400°C), KNO3 (conc.) + Pb (sponge) + H2O = KNO2 + Pb(OH)2 ↓. 3KNO3 + 2KOH + Fe = K2FeO4 + 3KNO2 + H2O (400-420°C). |
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Empirical formulas show the simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a formula.