LITHIUM CHLORIDE LiClProperties of lithium chloride LiCl: White, deliquescent. Melts and boils without decomposition. Readily soluble in water (hydrolysis does not). Decomposed by concentrated acids. Participates in exchange reactions.
Obtaining lithium chloride LiCl: 2Li + 2 HCl (diluted) = 2LiCl + H2↑. 2Li + E2 = 2LiE (normal temp., E = F, Cl, Br; t> °C C, E = I). LiH + HCl (diluted) = LiCl + H2↑ (normal temp.). LiH + Cl2 = LiCl + HCl (400-450°C). Li2O + 2HCl (diluted) = 2LiCl + H2O. LiOH + HCl (diluted) = LiCl + H2O. Li2CO3 + 2HCl (diluted) = 2LiCl + CO2↑ + H2O. Li2SO4 + BaCl2 = BaSO4↓ + 2LiCl. Reactions with lithium chloride LiCl: LiCl-H2O = LiCl + H2O (t> 98°C). LiCl (diluted) + 4 H2O = [Li(H2O)4]+ + Cl-. 2LiCl (solid) + H2SO4 (conc.) = Li2SO4 + 2 HCl↑ (boiling). LiCl + LiHSO4 = Li2SO4 + HCl (450-500°C). LiCl (conc.) + NH4F(conc.) = LiF↓ + NH4Cl. LiCl (cold) + AgNO2(saturated) = LiNO2 + AgCl↓. 3LiCl (conc.) + K3PO4 = Li3PO4↓ + 3 KCl. 3LiCl (conc.) + Na2HPO4 + NaOH = Li3PO4↓ + H2O + 3 NaCl. LiCl (conc.) + 4(NH3-H2O) (conc.) = [Li(NH3)4]Cl + 4 H2O. 2 LiCl (liquid) → Electrolysis → 2Li (on cathode) + Cl2↑(on anode). 2 LiCl + 2H2O → Electrolysis → 2LiOH + H2↑(on cathode + Cl2 (on anode). 2 LiCl (melt)(on Hg-cathode) → Electrolysis → 2Li(on cathode) + Cl2↑(on anode) |
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