LITHIUM CHLORIDE LiCl

Properties of lithium chloride LiCl:

White, deliquescent. Melts and boils without decomposition. Readily soluble in water (hydrolysis does not). Decomposed by concentrated acids. Participates in exchange reactions.


Molar mass g/mol 42.39
Density g/cm3 2.068
Melting point °C 610
Boiling point °C 1380
Solubility in water at 25°C g/100g water 84.5

Obtaining lithium chloride LiCl:

2Li + 2 HCl (diluted) = 2LiCl + H2↑.

2Li + E2 = 2LiE (normal temp., E = F, Cl, Br; t> °C C, E = I).

LiH + HCl (diluted) = LiCl + H2↑ (normal temp.).

LiH + Cl2 = LiCl + HCl (400-450°C).

Li2O + 2HCl (diluted) = 2LiCl + H2O.

LiOH + HCl (diluted) = LiCl + H2O.

Li2CO3 + 2HCl (diluted) = 2LiCl + CO2↑ + H2O.

Li2SO4 + BaCl2 = BaSO4↓ + 2LiCl.


Reactions with lithium chloride LiCl:

LiCl-H2O = LiCl + H2O (t> 98°C).

LiCl (diluted) + 4 H2O = [Li(H2O)4]+ + Cl-.

2LiCl (solid) + H2SO4 (conc.) = Li2SO4 + 2 HCl↑ (boiling).

LiCl + LiHSO4 = Li2SO4 + HCl (450-500°C).

LiCl (conc.) + NH4F(conc.) = LiF↓ + NH4Cl.

LiCl (cold) + AgNO2(saturated) = LiNO2 + AgCl↓.

3LiCl (conc.) + K3PO4 = Li3PO4↓ + 3 KCl.

3LiCl (conc.) + Na2HPO4 + NaOH = Li3PO4↓ + H2O + 3 NaCl.

LiCl (conc.) + 4(NH3-H2O) (conc.) = [Li(NH3)4]Cl + 4 H2O.

2 LiCl (liquid) → Electrolysis → 2Li (on cathode) + Cl2↑(on anode).

2 LiCl + 2H2O → Electrolysis → 2LiOH + H2↑(on cathode + Cl2 (on anode).

2 LiCl (melt)(on Hg-cathode) → Electrolysis → 2Li(on cathode) + Cl2↑(on anode)
 

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Graphite can be transformed into diamond by applying a temperature of 3000°C and pressure of 100,000 atm.